Nach den Vereinbarungen im Rahmen des Verhandlungskomplexes von Oslo unterstehen die ca. 60% C-Gebiete des Westjordanlandes allein den israelischen Militär- und Zivilbehörden; Palästinenser:innen haben keine Zugriffsrechte.
Gerade diese Gebiete aber sind als Landwirtschafts- und Infrastrukturflächen für die Entwicklung Palästinas wichtig. Im Rahmen der Folgevereinbarungen sollten C-Gebiete schrittweise an die palästinensische Seite gehen.
Wie war die konkrete Situation hinsichtlich der Vereinbarungen, wie ist der Stand und welche Szenarien gibt es für die nächste Zukunft? Dazu ist im Mitvim-Institut eine neue Studie erschienen.
Charles Enderlin in einem längeren Beitrag in Le Monde diplomatique online nachzulesen
„Während Zehntausende in Tel Aviv und Jerusalem gegen die geplante Abschaffung des Rechtsstaats auf die Straße gehen, eskaliert der Konflikt mit den Palästinensern. Ein Ende der Gewalt ist nicht in Sicht, solange in der Regierung Vertreter der radikalen Siedlerbewegung das Sagen haben.“
Israel Bans Young Palestinians From Entering the Country for ‚Peace-building‘ Meetups
Hagar Shezaf berichtet in Haaretz über eine weitere „kleine Hürde“ …
Until now, Palestinians were allowed to enter at any age to participate in face-to-face ‚peace-building‘ meetings, provided there was no specific cause to ban them ■ ‚The policy was changed now, of all times, when there’s more need than ever to expand our joint Israeli-Palestinian activities,‘ says peace activist Doubi Schwartz
Erklärung der Außenministerinnen und -minister Deutschlands, Frankreichs, Italiens, des Vereinigten Königreichs und der Vereinigten Staaten
[Angesichts der Lage kann einen die Frage überkommen, ob es sich dabei um das Pfeiffen im Wald handelt …, wenn den Worten keine Taten folgen …]
Wir, die Außenministerinnen und -minister Deutschlands, Frankreichs, Italiens, des Vereinigten Königreichs und der Vereinigten Staaten, sind zutiefst beunruhigt über die Ankündigung der israelischen Regierung, annähernd 10.000 Siedlungseinheiten zu genehmigen, sowie einen Prozess zur Normalisierung von neun Außenposten einzuleiten, die bislang nach israelischem Recht als illegal galten.
Wir lehnen diese einseitigen Maßnahmen entschieden ab, die lediglich dazu geeignet sind, die Spannungen zwischen Israelis und Palästinensern zu verschärfen und die Bemühungen um die Aushandlung einer Zweistaatenlösung zu untergraben. Wir setzen uns weiterhin für einen umfassenden, gerechten und dauerhaften Frieden im Nahen Osten ein, der das Ergebnis unmittelbarer Verhandlungen zwischen den beiden Parteien sein muss. Israelis und Palästinenser verdienen es, in Frieden zu leben und gleichermaßen in den Genuss von Freiheit, Sicherheit und Wohlstand zu kommen.
Wir bekräftigen unser Eintreten dafür, Israelis und Palästinensern dabei zu helfen, die Vision eines vollständig in den Nahen Osten integrierten Staates Israel zu verwirklichen, der Seite an Seite mit einem souveränen, lebensfähigen Staat Palästina zusammenlebt. Wir werden die Entwicklungen vor Ort, die Auswirkungen auf die Realisierbarkeit der Zweitstaatenlösung und die Stabilität in der Region insgesamt haben, weiterhin aufmerksam verfolgen.
Understanding the Pain of Others – The Holocaust, the Nakba und German Memory Culture
Podiumsdiskussion vom Donnerstag, 2. Februar 2023, 19:00 h
Auf Youtube kann die Veranstaltung nachgehört/nachgeschaut werden.
Gesprächsleitung: Susan Neiman, Potsdam
In her book Understanding the Pain of Others, the author Charlotte Wiedemann pleads for a new inclusive memory culture that promotes solidarity instead of competition among victims. Doing justice to the victims of colonial crimes and their descendants does not call into question the specificity of the Shoah. On the contrary: the importance of human rights for all is a central lesson from the Holocaust. But tragically, Holocaust memory has not brought us much closer to such universal values. In their co-edited volume The Holocaust and the Nakba: A New Grammar of Trauma and History Amos Goldberg, Bashir Bashir, and the contributors to the volume explore the possibility of creating a shared language for discussing the memories of two entangled, but entirely different historical events: the genocide of European Jews and the displacement of Palestinians. At the center of this new language is the concept of empathic unsettlement which challenges the mutual denial of the suffering of the Other, recognizes the political asymmetries in Israel-Palestine, and gives rise to an egalitarian binationalism. This debate was originally scheduled to take place in the Goethe Institute Tel Aviv but was cancelled due to political pressure.
Charlotte Wiedemann is a journalist and author. She has published numerous books on international topics, most recently Den Schmerz der Anderen begreifen. Holocaust und Weltgedächtnis (2022). Afflicted by silence in her own family, she has followed debates about German responsibility for National Socialism for four decades. Bashir Bashir is associate professor of political theory at the Open University of Israel and senior research fellow at the Van Leer Jerusalem Institute. His research interests are: democratic theory, nationalism and citizenship studies, liberalism, decolonization, and reconciliation. His most recent publication is The Arab and Jewish Questions: Geographies of Engagement in Palestine and Beyond (2020).
Amos Goldberg is associate professor of Jewish History and Contemporary Jewry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. For decades he has researched Holocaust memory at the intersection of history, critical theory, and literature. His publications include Trauma in First Person: Diary Writing during the Holocaust (2017) and his co-edited volume Marking Evil: Holocaust Memory in the Global Age (2015).
Jahrzehntelang war Atallah Mansour eine bekannte Stimme der linksliberalen Tageszeitung Haaretz. Nun kommt der palästinensich-israelische Journalist (Jg. 1934) in einem ausführlichen Interview (9. Februar 2023: Israel’s Left Doesn’t Want Arabs to Be Part of the Fight’ – After 34 years of covering Arab society for Haaretz, veteran journalist Atallah Mansour is now more fearful than ever) zu dem Schluß, daß die Lage der arabisch-palästinensischen Israelis nie so gefährdet war wie heute. Das Nationalstaatgesetz von 2018 machte sie zu Bürgern zweiter Klasse. Die geplante ‚Revolution‘ der neuen Regierung hat nicht nur fatale Folgen für den rechtlichen Status aller Minderheiten in Israel, sie wird diese weiter sozial und politisch diskriminieren.
Hier Auszüge aus dem Gespräch:
”Mansour, the first Arab journalist to work in Israeli media, began his career at Haaretz in 1958 and covered Arab society over the next 34 years. “I wasn’t in anyone’s pocket nor was I a spokesman for any particular community. I did my work as a journalist,” he says. From the start, he understood the challenges involved in covering the Arab community for the Israeli media.”
My meeting with Mansour took place at his home in Nazareth several days after another round of protests against the judicial revolution planned by the Netanyahu government. Like many Arab Israelis, he expresses fear and uncertainty about the plan. He says that compared to all the other events of his long career, including the Second Lebanon War and the second intifada, “the situation this time is different from anything I’ve seen.”
“The changes this right-wing government is now proposing didn’t happen suddenly but have been taking place gradually and over an extended period of time,” he says. “In July 2018, they submitted the nation-state law [Basic Law on Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People, which critics say turns non-Jews in Israel into second-class citizens] – that was the first breaking point. … The Declaration of Independence takes into account minorities, among them Arabs, and recognizes the principle of equality, human dignity and freedom, even if it is only in theory. But the nation-state law doesn’t relate to equal rights for minorities – even the Druze who serve in the army aren’t mentioned. The nation-state law erases minorities – we’re no longer thought of as equals. That’s the worst thing that’s happened, not just on the level of the law. We’ve seen the consequences of it and they are far-reaching.”
Even the Joint List broke up. “That happened as part of changes underway in Arab society. I voted for the Joint List – it’s the only choice left for me – but over the years we’ve seen support for Hadash [whose roots are in the Communist Party] weaken. Once they were as strong as the sun; today, they’re barely candlelight. Meanwhile, the Muslim tendencies have strengthened throughout the Arab world – the United Arab List and Mansour Abbas are part of that phenomenon.”
Do you still believe in the two-state solution? Do you think it’s a realistic scenario?
“There’s no other solution apart from two states. But if there really isn’t any readiness to compensate the families that were expelled from here, it will never happen. Peace has a price and Israel needs to make an effort. Annexation, if it happens, will ultimately harm the State of Israel – it will no longer be the same country. How long can the Palestinians remain without equality? The number of Arabs when the state was established was about 160,000. Today we are 2 million, and we are still fighting for full equality of rights.”
Drei Statements: Muriel Asseburg ist Senior Fellow in der Forschungsgruppe Afrika und Mittlerer Osten der Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) in Berlin
Omri Boehm ist Associate Professor für Philosophie an der New School for Social Reseach in New York
Carsten Ovens ist Geschäftsführer von ELNET Deutschland e.V., einem Thinktank, der sich mit den deutsch-israelischen Beziehungen beschäftigt
On Friday last week, a Palestinian gunman killed seven civilians in occupied East Jerusalem, the deadliest such attack for years. The shooting came the day after a raid by Israeli forces in a refugee camp in the West Bank city of Jenin, also the deadliest such operation for years. The week’s violence follows months in which more Palestinians died, according to human rights groups, than in the past almost two decades. More frequent Israeli raids, which Israel says aim to root out Palestinian militants behind an increasing number of attacks on Israelis, often provoke gun battles in West Bank cities. Militants have died, but also civilians, including many young Palestinians. In West Bank cities, new militias have formed, attracting young Palestinians angry not only at Israel but also at their own political leadership. Meanwhile, the new Israeli government of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, which is the most right-wing in Israeli history and comprises openly Jewish nationalist and anti-Palestinian ministers, promises an even tougher line on Palestinians.
This week on Hold Your Fire!, Richard Atwood speaks with Mairav Zonszein and Tahani Mustafa, Crisis Group’s Israel/Palestine experts, about the latest spike in violence. They talk about Israel’s new government, its efforts to curb judicial power and what it might mean for policy toward the Palestinians. They also talk about Palestinian politics, many Palestinians’ disillusionment at their leadership, the emergence of new militias in West Bank cities and what might happen when ageing Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas passes from the political scene. They ask whether there is any hope of change in policy from Washington and other Western capitals following U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken’s trip to the region this past week. They also talk about flashpoints in the months ahead.
Veranstaltung des Deutschen Orient-Instituts (DOI) in Kooperation mit der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES)
Informationen zur Veranstaltung „A new plan to solve the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: The Holy Land Confederation“
Link – auch zur Online-Anmeldung | 8. Februar 2023 – 18.00-20.00 CET
* Holy Land Confederation
The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict has been overshadowed by other, global crises in the past years. Prospects to finding a solution appear to diminish. The recent formation of a new Israeli government – following the fifth parliamentary election since 2019 – and a weakening legitimacy of the Palestinian Authority do not, unfortunately, point to an imanent negotiated and accepted solution.
On 8th February 2023 we are hosting the initiators of the Holy Land Confederation. In their initiative, they offer a new contribution to thinking about how to untangle the conflict. We look forward to hearing first hand from the initiators and discuss their ideas on the panel and with the audience.
Presentation of the Initiative
Dr. Yossi Beilin Former Israeli Minister and Knesset Member
Dr. Hiba I. Husseini Chair of the Legal Committee to Final Status Negotiations between Palestinians and Israelis
Discussion and Comments
Huda Abuarqoub Regional Director of the Alliance for Middle East Peace (ALLMEP)
Shlomo Brom Senior Researcher at the Institute for National Security Studies (INSS)
Welcome Address and Moderation
Dr. Andreas Reinicke Director of the German Orient-Institute
