Der Prozeß vor dem Internationalen Gerichtshof hat mit den Statements von Südafrika (Über die Vereinten Nationen auf Youtube) und der Antwort Israel (Hier der Link dazu) begonnen.
In Den Haag wird vor dem International Court of Justice verhandelt, was die Republik Südafrika vor das Gericht gebracht hat: Wie ist zu bewerten, was Israel im Rahmen seiner Selbstverteidigung im Gazastreiifen tut. Genozid für die einen, Selbstschutz für die anderen. (Unterschiedlicher als an diesen beiden Tage vor Gericht kann der Konflikt kaum präseniert werden).
Die Meinungen gehen weit auseinander, unabhängig davon, ob man:frau einen sofortigen Waffenstillstand für angezeigt hält oder nicht. Eine Ende der Besatzung wäre jedenfalls allen Menschen zu wünschen, nur dann könnte Gerechtigkeit werden.
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Bemerkeswert mit welcher Position sich die Bundesregierung in das Verfahren einmischt und ziemlich offen das Gericht angeht:
8:7 – trotz des Durchstechens eines Entwurfs des Urteils an die Presse ist es heute bei dieser Entscheidung des Obersten Gerichtshofs in Israel geblieben … ob die Politik damit verhältnismäßig und überprüfbar wird / bleibt… Eine Station in einem langen Weg der Auseinandersetzung, was es für ein Staat sein und was für eine Gesellschaft Israel sein wird.
Auf der „anderen“ Seite bleibt es auch im neuen Jahr wichtig hinzuschauen – und weiter unten hinzuhören – … deshalb auch nach der großen Spendenzeit der Hinweis auf UNICEF
„In this episode, Jewish Currents editor-at-large Peter Beinart speaks with two political analysts from Gaza living abroad, Khalil Sayegh and Muhammad Shehada. Sayegh and Shehada discuss what it was like growing up under Hamas rule, how Hamas governs, the motivations behind the October 7th attack, and what’s next for Hamas in Palestinian politics.“
Nachtrag, 28. Dezember 2023 – Link zuim Text im UN-System
[Der Wortlaut des Beschlusses wird noch nachgereicht, er ist aktuell auf den Seiten der Vereinten Nationen noch nicht verfügbar.] – Ob der Beschluß mehr als symbolische Bedeutung hat, bleibt abzuwarten.
18.20 Uhr: Weltsicherheitsrat fordert mehr humanitäre Hilfe für den Gazastreifen
Nach tagelangem Ringen hat der Weltsicherheitsrat in einer Resolution die Aufstockung der humanitären Hilfe für etwa zwei Millionen Notleidende im Gazastreifen gefordert. Das mächtigste UN-Gremium verabschiedete am Freitag in New York einen deutlich aufgeweichten Kompromisstext. Die USA enthielten sich.
Seit Anfang der Woche hatte es danach ausgesehen, dass Washington seine Vetomacht einsetzen würde, um die Interessen des Verbündeten Israel zu schützen. Massive Zugeständnisse der Unterhändler verhinderten ein Scheitern des Beschlusses jedoch in letzter Sekunde. Insgesamt stimmten 13 der 15 Länder für den Text, neben den USA enthielt sich Russland.
Der völkerrechtlich bindende Beschluss fordert Israel dazu auf, „unverzüglich einen sicheren und ungehinderten humanitären Zugang“ in den Gazastreifen zu ermöglichen. Auch müssten die Voraussetzungen für eine nachhaltige Einstellung der Gewalt geschaffen werden.
In der strittigen Frage nach der Art der Kontrolle der Hilfsgüter einigten sich die Ratsmitglieder darauf, einen zuständigen UN-Koordinator einzusetzen. Dieser solle in Zusammenarbeit mit allen Akteuren auch für die Beschleunigung der Lieferungen sorgen. Der Rat verlangt weiter, dass humanitäre Güter über alle verfügbaren Grenzübergänge in den Gazastreifen fließen sollen. [Quelle: BR24]
Es ist der Internationale Tag der Menschenrechte, seit 1950 erinnert er an die Verkündigung der Allgemeine Erklärung der Menschenrechte 1948 durch die Generalversammlung der Vereinten Nationen.
Gerade in Zeiten des Krieges, in Zeiten, in denen weiterhin Menschen als Geiseln gehalten werden, in denen Bombadierungen und Gewalt weitergehen, darf der Kampf für die Achtung der Würde jedes/jeder Einzelnen nicht aufhören, das gilt auch für die politischen und Gruppenrechte…
Zwei Erinnerungen an diesem Abend dazu:
Das Editorial von Haaretz erinnert an die Fragilität der Demokratie auch in Israel und in der taz schreibt in einem Gastkommentar Prof. Elad Lapidot über „Protest und Kritik zu verbieten hilft niemandem, denn Juden und Palästinenser ziehen am selben Strang. Solidarität mit den Palästinensern ist notwendig“.
Advent, Channuka bald … zwischen Traumata und weiterer Gewalt – und kein Ende in Sicht … so sieht es an diesem Tag der Generalsekretär der Vereinten Nationen:
His Excellency Mr. José Javier de la Gasca Lopez Domínguez President of the Security Council New York
Dear Mr. President,
I am writing under Article 99 of the United Nations Charter to bring to the attention of the Security Council a matter which, in my opinion, may aggravate existing threats to the maintenance of international peace and security.
More than eight weeks of hostilities in Gaza and Israel have created appalling human suffering, physical destruction and collective trauma across Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory.
More than 1,200 people were brutally killed, including 33 children, and thousands were injured in the abhorrent acts of terror by Hamas and other Palestinian armed groups on 7 October 2023, which I have repeatedly condemned. Some 250 people were abducted, including 34 children, more than 130 of whom are still captive. They must be immediately and unconditionally released. Accounts of sexual violence during the attacks are appalling.
Civilians throughout Gaza face grave danger. Since the start of Israel’s military operation, more than 15,000 people have reportedly been killed, over 40 per cent of whom were children. Thousands of others have been injured. More than half of all homes have been destroyed. Some 80 per cent of the population of 2.2 million has been forcibly displaced, into increasingly smaller areas. More than 1.1 million people have sought refuge in UNRWA facilities across Gaza, creating overcrowded, undignified, and unhygienic conditions. Others have nowhere to shelter and find themselves on the street. Explosive remnants of war are rendering areas uninhabitable. There is no effective protection of civilians.
The health care system in Gaza is collapsing. Hospitals have turned into battlegrounds. Only 14 hospitals out of 36 facilities are even partially functional. The two major hospitals in south Gaza are operating at three times their bed capacity and are running out of basic supplies and fuel. They are also sheltering thousands of displaced persons. Under these circumstances, more people will die untreated in the coming days and weeks.
Nowhere is safe in Gaza.
Amid constant bombardment by the Israel Defense Forces, and without shelter or the essentials to survive, I expect public order to completely break down soon due to the desperate conditions, rendering even limited humanitarian assistance impossible. An even worse situation could unfold, including epidemic diseases and increased pressure for mass displacement into neighbouring countries.
In Resolution 2712 (2023), the Security Council “calls for the scaling up of the provision of such supplies to meet the humanitarian needs of the civilian population, especially children.”
The current conditions are making it impossible for meaningful humanitarian operations to be conducted. We are, nevertheless, preparing options for monitoring the implementation of the resolution, even if we recognize that in the present circumstances, that is untenable.
While delivery of supplies through Rafah continues, quantities are insufficient and have dropped since the pause came to an end. We are simply unable to reach those in need inside Gaza. The capacity of the United Nations and its humanitarian partners has been decimated by supply shortages, lack of fuel, interrupted communications, and growing insecurity. Humanitarian personnel have joined the vast majority of Gazan civilians in evacuating to south Gaza ahead of advancing military operations. At least 130 UNRWA colleagues have been killed, many with their families.
We are facing a severe risk of collapse of the humanitarian system. The situation is fast deteriorating into a catastrophe with potentially irreversible implications for Palestinians as a whole and for peace and security in the region. Such an outcome must be avoided at all cost.
The international community has a responsibility to use all its influence to prevent further escalation and end this crisis. I urge the members of the Security Council to press to avert a humanitarian catastrophe. I reiterate my appeal for a humanitarian ceasefire to be declared. This is urgent. The civilian population must be spared from greater harm. With a humanitarian ceasefire, the means of survival can be restored, and humanitarian assistance can be delivered in a safe and timely manner across the Gaza Strip.
Please accept, Mr. President, the assurances of my highest consideration.
Am 20. Juli 2023 hat der Generalsekretär der Vereinten Nationen, António Guterres, ein neues grundelegendes Dokument (PDF zum Herunterladen) zur Rolle der Friedensarbeit der internationalen Organisation vorgelegt, das versucht neu zu bestimmen, was zu tun nötig ist, nachdem die Euphorie über das Ende des Kalten Krieges zu Beginn der 1990er Jahre vorbei ist.
Israeli forces’ operation in Jenin | Flash Update #1 as of 16:30, 3 July 2023 | Full report
KEY POINTS
During the early hours of 3 July 2023, Israeli forces launched a large-scale air and ground operation in Jenin Refugee Camp and its surroundings. This is the second operation in Jenin involving air strikes within two weeks and since 2006.
Israeli forces carried out more than ten air strikes, most likely with drones, on several targets inside the refugee camp, followed by large numbers of Israeli ground forces entering the area, reportedly raiding several houses and positioning themselves on rooftops. During the operation, Israeli forces and armed Palestinians exchanged fire.
As of 16:30 on 3 July, the Palestinian Ministry of Health (MoH) confirmed the death of eight Palestinians, including two children, in the Jenin Refugee Camp. Additionally, one Palestinian man was fatally shot by Israeli forces in Ramallah, bringing the total death toll to nine. Furthermore, at least 50 others have been injured, of whom at least eleven are reportedly in critical condition.
As of 16:30 on 3 July, access to the refugee camp is mostly only possible from one entrance where Israeli forces conduct checks on vehicles, including ambulances. An Israeli military bulldozer has demolished most of the roads leading to the refugee camp, severely impeding access for ambulances to casualties inside the camp.
The Israeli forces airstrikes caused significant damage to inhabited structures in the Jenin camp and in the surrounding neighborhoods. According to initial reports, Israeli airstrikes have hit houses and parts of apartment buildings. Some residents have reported receiving warning calls from Israeli forces prior to the airstrikes. As a result, at least 12 families have been forced to leave their homes.
Due to damage to infrastructure, most of the refugee camp residents are currently without drinking water and electricity.
The Humanitarian Coordinator has expressed alarm at the scale of the operation in Jenin, noting that airstrikes were used in the densely populated refugee camp and that several people had been killed or wounded. She stressed the need to ensure access to all those injured.
SITUATION OVERVIEW
On 3 July at about 1:00 am, Israeli forces conducted a series of airstrikes in and around the Jenin Refugee Camp. The airstrikes hit multiple locations within the camp, including a residential structure in the central area. As a result, three Palestinians were killed, and others were injured.
On 3 July at about 3:00 am, Israeli forces fatally shot a Palestinian man in the head with live ammunition near the Beit El DCO checkpoint in the northern entrance of Al Bireh (Ramallah). The man was shot as Palestinians protested the Israeli operation in Jenin, with some throwing stones and Israeli forces firing live ammunition.
On 3 July at about 8:00 am, Israeli forces bulldozed roads leading to Jenin Refugee Camp. Consequently, ambulances were unable to access the camp except from one entrance, which is controlled and monitored by Israeli forces inspecting `vehicles, including ambulances.
On 3 July about 10:00 am, the Israeli military stated that Israeli forces had discovered and destroyed a laboratory used to manufacture explosives. Additionally, they reportedly confiscated a rocket launcher along with other weapons.
On 3 July at about 10:40 am, Israeli forces prevented ambulances from entering and exiting Jenin Refugee Camp – a problem that has been reported by medical sources throughout the day. Paramedics entered the camp by foot to provide first aid to casualties. Exchanges of fire continued between Palestinians and Israeli forces while the latter also conducted air strikes hitting structures. Five Palestinians including two children were shot and killed with live ammunition fired by Israeli forces.
On 3 July at about 12:50 pm, according to reports from medical sources, several teargas canisters fired by Israeli forces landed inside the courtyards of the Jenin Governmental hospital.
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW
UNRWA facilities remained closed in the refugee camp throughout 3 July.
The Israeli forces’ operation has resulted in several casualties and destruction of property. According to initial estimates by the Ministry of Health, as of 15:30 on 3 July, eight Palestinians have been killed, including two children, and 50 Palestinians have been injured. Reportedly over half of these injuries were a result of shrapnel caused by the Israeli airstrikes and at least 11 are in critical condition.
Several inhabited structures in Jenin Refugee Camp and surrounding areas have been significantly damaged in airstrikes, most likely carried out with drones. At least 12 families, comprising 105 people, have been forced to leave their homes, due to the imminent risk of their house being shelled or seized by Israeli forces.
Health structures in Jenin have been reportedly damaged and teargas canisters and sound grenades have landed in the courtyard of the Khalil Sleiman hospital where injured Palestinians were being treated.
Medical cases are being managed at the three main hospitals in Jenin: Khalil Sleiman Hospital, where a Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) team is also located, Ibn Sina Hospital, and Al Razi Hospital. Health Cluster partners are reviewing an initial list of urgent supplies shared by the MoH to support the Jenin Hospital. Pre-positioned supplies in Jenin have been released and are being utilized.
The main water pipeline of the camp was severely damaged and water supply to residents is currently unavailable. Additionally, three main electricity transformers were damaged, and an initial estimation indicates that most of the camp is without electricity. The municipality is not able to access the affected areas to make the required maintenance for the damaged infrastructure.
Shops in the city of Jenin and in Jenin Refugee Camp are closed, including the three shops in Jenin City that provide e-voucher food assistance. The World Food Programme is contacting bakeries to assess and monitor their operational capacity and is preparing for potential emergency response in case the conflict extends for a longer duration.
Protection Cluster members and the human rights monitoring team of the United Nations Human Rights Office (OHCHR) are conducting initial monitoring and documentation of violations of international law.
Technical partners specialized in mental health and psycho-social support (MHPSS) will assess any needs related to possible psychological harm, particularly of children.
Handschriften der Staatsbibliotheken in Berlin und München in das UNESCO-Weltdokumentenerbe aufgenommen
Zwei bedeutende Handschriften des persischen Dichters Dschalal ad-Din Rumi (1207-1273) sind in das Register des UNESCO-Weltdokumentenerbes aufgenommen. Die beiden Werke – aus den Beständen der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin und der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek – sind Teil eines insgesamt 15 Handschriften umfassenden Gemeinschaftsantrags, an dem sechs Länder beteiligt waren und der unter Federführung der türkischen UNESCO-Kommission eingereicht wurde.
Dschalal ad-Din Rumi gilt als einer der bedeutendsten persischsprachigen Dichter, Philosophen und Mystiker des Mittelalters. Auf Rumi, auch als Maulana (türk. Mevlana, „unser Meister“) bekannt, geht der Mevlevi-Orden, der Orden der tanzenden Derwische, zurück.
Bei der Handschrift aus dem Bestand der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek (BSB Cod.pers. 45) handelt es sich um das zweite von sechs Büchern des bedeutenden Werks „Masnawi-ye ma’nawi“ (dt. „Geistige Doppelverse“) von Rumi. Die Handschrift entstand 1307 und zählt zu den frühesten Manuskripten des „Masnawi-ye ma’nawi“. Zur hohen wissenschaftlichen und textgeschichtlichen Relevanz der Handschrift tragen die Sekundäreinträge an den Seitenrändern, zwischen den Zeilen oder den Kolumnen bei. Die Münchner Handschrift stammt aus der Bibliothek des bekannten französischen Orientalisten Étienne Marc Quatremère (1782-1857), die 1858 für die damalige Hofbibliothek erworben wurde.
Die Handschrift im Bestand der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin (Minutoli 21) umfaßt alle sechs Bücher des „Maṯnawī-i maʿnawī“ und enthält etwa 25.000 Verse. Gefertigt im Jahr 1337, weist die Handschrift zwei Glossare auf, die das Textverständnis mit Erklärungen unterstützen und ist zusätzlich mit Randbemerkungen in Form von Ergänzungen und Varianten ausgestattet. Die Handschrift ist Teil der Minutoli-Sammlung, die 1863 von der damals Königlichen Bibliothek erworben wurde. Die Sammlung umfaßt 300 Bände, darunter 117 persische Manuskripte.
Dr. Achim Bonte, Generaldirektor der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz, und Dr. Klaus Ceynowa, Generaldirektor der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek: „Die Aufnahme der Handschriften von Dschalal ad-Din Rumi in die Liste des UNESCO-Weltdokumentenerbes unterstreicht einmal mehr die internationale Bedeutung, die den beiden Staatsbibliotheken aufgrund ihres einzigartigen historischen Bestandes zukommt.“
